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Fundamental Analysis · Intermarket Analysis

Stocks vs Bonds

Stocks and bonds are linked through growth, inflation and the discount rate. The relationship is not fixed: sometimes equities rise alongside yields (growth optimism), and sometimes equities fall as yields rise (rate shock). Your edge is to identify which regime you are in.

Two-panel diagrams Regime framework Rates → valuation Trading checklist

Key takeaways

  • Bond yields influence equity valuations via the discount rate.
  • The relationship changes by regime (growth, inflation, rate shock, risk-off).
  • Use bonds as a *confirmation* signal for equity trades, not as a standalone entry trigger.

Visual map

Intermarket signals are best used as context and confirmation. The goal is to identify the regime and the dominant driver, then map it to your instrument and timeframe.

Panel 1: Regimes Stocks Yields Regime shift
Panel 1: Sometimes stocks rise with yields (growth regime). Sometimes they fall as yields rise (rate shock).
Panel 2: Discount rate Higher yields → lower multiples Equity multiple
Panel 2: Higher bond yields can compress equity valuations by increasing the discount rate, especially for long-duration growth stocks.

Key concepts (with meaning and application)

Each concept below is written as a practical trading tool: definition → why it moves prices → how you use it.

Discount rate (yields) and equity multiples

What it means: Higher bond yields increase the rate used to discount future cash flows, which can reduce equity valuations.

Why it matters: Growth stocks (cash flows further in the future) are typically more sensitive to yield moves than value stocks.

How to apply it: If yields break higher sharply, be cautious buying high-duration equities; look for confirmation that yields are stabilising before adding risk.

Growth regime vs rate-shock regime

What it means: In a growth regime, yields rise because growth improves. In a rate-shock regime, yields rise because inflation/rates reprice aggressively.

Why it matters: In the first case, equities can rally (earnings outlook improves). In the second, equities can sell off (valuation compression dominates).

How to apply it: Classify the yield move: is it driven by better growth or by tighter policy/inflation fears? Trade equities accordingly.

Risk-off flight to quality

What it means: During stress, money often moves into safer government bonds, pushing yields down while equities fall.

Why it matters: Correlation flips negative: equities down, yields down.

How to apply it: If equities are falling and yields are also falling, treat rallies as lower-quality until risk sentiment improves.

Curve signals (simple version)

What it means: The shape of the yield curve reflects expectations for growth and policy.

Why it matters: A rapid re-pricing in the front-end can signal tightening stress; longer-end moves can reflect inflation and term premium.

How to apply it: Use curve moves as context: front-end shocks often hurt risk assets more than gradual long-end moves.

How to apply this to trading

Practical trading workflow

  • Identify the equity instrument (e.g., NASDAQ, S&P 500, FTSE 100) and the bond proxy you watch (e.g., US 10-year yield).
  • Ask: are yields rising because growth is improving or because rates/inflation are repricing?
  • Confirm with price action: if equities cannot rally on good news while yields rise, valuation pressure may be dominating.
  • Build a plan: trade with the regime, and reduce size around major rate catalysts.

Example

If yields jump after a hawkish central bank signal and equities sell off immediately, that is often a rate-shock regime. A safer approach is to wait for yields to stabilise (or pull back) before buying dips.

Common mistakes

  • Assuming stocks and bonds are always negatively correlated.
  • Trading yields like a perfect predictor instead of a contextual signal.
  • Ignoring regime changes (the relationship can flip quickly).
  • Over-leveraging into rate catalysts (CPI, central bank decisions).

FAQ

Do stocks always fall when yields rise?

No. If yields rise due to stronger growth expectations, equities can rally. Context matters.

Why are growth stocks more sensitive to yields?

Because more of their expected value is in the distant future, which is discounted more heavily when rates rise.

What’s the simplest way to use bonds for equity trading?

Use yields as confirmation: if equities rally and yields also rise gradually, the move may have healthier growth backing.